MEDIA BANDUNG – Kode etik jurnalistik umumnya digunakan sebagai pedoman operasional suatu profesi. Hal ini kareta wartawan merupakan sebuah profesi, sehingga dibuat kode etik untuk pedoman operasional.
Selain itu, adanya kode etik jurnalistik juga sebagai wujud hak asasi manusia yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 40 Tahun 1999.
Dilansir dari buku Jurnalisme Kontemporer (2017) oleh Septiawan Santaa, definisi kode etik jurnalistik adalah sebagai sekumpulan prinsip moral yang merefleksikan peraturan-peraturan yang wajib dipatuhi oleh seluruh wartawan.
Wartawan dan pers merupakan dua hal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Wartawan merupakan profesi yang melaksanakan kegiatan jurnalistik, sementara pers adalah lembaga yang menjalankan kegiatan jurnalistik. Kegiatan wartawan termasuk juga dalam kegiatan pers.
Kode etik jurnalistik berfungsi sebagai landasan moral dan etika agar seorang wartawan senantiasa melakukan tindakan tanggung jawab sosial.
Landasan kode etik jurnalistik mengacu pada kepentingan publik. Sebab kebebasan pers yang ideal adalah kebebasan yang tidak mencederai kepentingan publik dan tidak melanggar hak asasi warga negara.
Sementara pihak yang memberikan sanksi atas pelanggaran kode etik jurnalistik adalah organisasi profesi wartawan dan atau perusahaan pers yang bersangkutan.
Isi kode etik jurnalistik
Kode etik jurnalistik berisi apa-apa yang menjadi pertimbangan, perhatian, atau penalaran moral profesi wartawan. Selain itu, isi etikanya juga mengatur hak dan kewajiban dari kerja kewartawanan.
Dilansir dari laman resmi Dewan Pers Indonesia, dijelaskan isi-isi dari kode etik jurnalistik, yaitu:
Pasal 1, wartawan Indonesia bersikap independen, menghasilkan berita yang akurat, berimbang, dan tidak beriktikad buruk.
Pasal 2, wartawan Indonesia menempuh cara-cara yang profesional dalam melaksanakan tugas jurnalistik.
Pasal 3, wartawan Indonesia selalu menguji informasi, memberitakan secara berimbang, tidak mencampurkan fakta dan opini yang menghakimi, serta menerapkan asas praduga tak bersalah.
Pasal 4, wartawan Indonesia tidak membuat berita bohong, fitnah, sadis, dan cabul.
Pasal 5, wartawan Indonesia tidak menyebutkan dan menyiarkan identitas korban kejahatan susila dan tidak menyebutkan identitas anak yang menjadi pelaku kejahatan.
Pasal 6, wartawan Indonesia tidak menyalagunakan profesi dan tidak menerima suap.
Pasal 7, wartawan Indonesia memiliki hak tolak untuk melindungi narasumber yang tidak bersedia diketahui identitas maupun keberadaanya, menghargai ketentuan embargo, informasi latar belakang, dan off the record sesuai dengan kesepakatan.
Pasal 8, wartawan Indonesia tidak menulis atau menyiarkan berita berdasarkan prasangka atau diskriminasi terhadap seseorang atas dasar perbedaan suku, ras, warna kulit, agama, jenis kelamin, dan bahasa serta tidak merendahkan martabat orang lemah, miskin, sakit, cacat jiwa atau cacat jasmani.
Pasal 9, wartawan Indonesia menghormati hak narasumber tentang kehidupan pribadinya, kecuali untuk kepentingan publik.
Pasal 10, wartawan Indonesia segera mencabut, meralat, dan memperbaiki berita yang keliru dan tidak akurat disertai dengan permintaan maaf kepada pembaca, pendengar, atau pemirsa.
Pasal 11, wartawan Indonesia melayani hak jawab dan hak koreksi secara proporsional.
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